A few months ago, I picked up the phone and heard a voice that sounded like it had been through the wringer. He was a medical device engineer, trying to source a custom fiber bundle for a handheld surgical laser. He’d already talked to three suppliers. The first one only sold off‑the‑shelf parts – no wiggle room. The second gave him a quote that was so high he actually laughed out loud, until he realised they weren’t joking. The third said “yes” to every single question he asked, but when he pushed them on UV transmittance and material consistency, they started reading from their own brochure like they were on autopilot. He said to me: “I feel like nobody actually wants to understand my problem. They just want to close the call and move on.” That stuck with me. Because I’ve been on both sides of that conversation for twenty years now. And honestly? He wasn’t wrong. A lot of suppliers out there treat custom work as a nuisance – unless you’re ordering a million pieces. So if you’re reading this, you’re probably in a similar spot. You need something that isn’t in any catalogue. You’ve been passed around, quoted crazy prices, or promised the moon by people who can’t answer basic material questions. Let me save you some pain – not by selling you anything, but by telling you what actually matters. First things first: before you dial a single number, sit down and figure out what you really need. I know that sounds like common sense, but you’d be amazed how many projects derail because someone started with “just give me a fiber” and we ended up in a forty‑email thread only to discover they needed a 90‑degree bendable light guide that survives 200°C. Ask yourself three things:What’s the light doing? Cutting, imaging, or sensing? That decides the core material – plastic, glass, hard cladding, soft cladding, all totally different.What wavelength are we talking? Some fibers are great in the near‑IR but act like a wall in the UV. Pick wrong and you lose 20% power before you’ve even turned the system on.And what’s the environment like? Tight bends, hot zones, chemical splashes – each one changes the jacket, the buffer, even the way we polish the end face. I never mind clients who ask a hundred questions. What scares me is the guy who says “you’re the expert, just do it” – because that’s when we end up building something that doesn’t fit his mechanical housing, and then it’s on me. A decent engineer will talk trade‑offs with you: “If we go with 0.39 NA, your bend radius can shrink to X, but you’ll lose a bit of coupling efficiency.” If your supplier only says “no problem” to everything – honestly, run. They either don’t know their own limits, or they’ll fix it later on your dime. Now, here’s a trap that catches a lot of people: the difference between OEM and private labelling. It’s blurred on purpose by some suppliers. Private labelling is when they take their standard product, slap your logo on it, and call it custom. That’s fine if that’s all you need. But true OEM customisation means they redesign the core diameter, the numerical aperture, the branching, the connectors – maybe even tool a new ferrule for you. That’s a whole different level of engineering. How do you tell them apart? Just ask: “Walk me through your design process.” If they quote you a price within ten minutes instead of asking about your optical path, your space constraints, or how many insertion cycles you need – they’re not an OEM, they’re a reseller with a nice website. I once got a quote in seven minutes from a “custom” shop. The sample they sent couldn’t even screw into our standard SMA connector. After that, I made a rule: no real technical conversation, no quote. Period. And while I’m at it – don’t go to a telecom fiber house for medical or industrial work. I know that sounds harsh, but hear me out. Telecom guys are brilliant at making light travel thousands of kilometres with minimal loss. Their whole world is about distance and bandwidth. Medical and sensing applications? We need stable power at a specific wavelength, mechanical flexibility, and drift‑free performance over thousands of cycles. Completely different mindset. For example, we work mostly with plastic and glass fibers in core diameters from 0.25 mm to 2.0 mm, with NAs of 0.37 or 0.50. Why those numbers? Because decades of industrial and medical use have proven them rock‑solid. But a telecom engineer would look at that and say: “That’s huge – our single‑mode is nine microns.” You see the gap? It’s not about who’s smarter – it’s about whose experience matches your problem. So ask them straight: “What non‑telecom projects have you done?” If they start talking about data centres and base stations, you know they’re not the right fit. Quality control is another thing that people don’t talk about until something breaks. I had a customer once tell me: “I don’t care about your ISO certificate. I care that every time I step on the pedal, the laser fires and the power doesn’t drift by more than 5%.” He was absolutely right. Because in surgery, a failed fiber isn’t a return – it’s an incident. So here’s what I look for when I’m evaluating a supplier (and I do evaluate them, even though I run one).Do they give you insertion loss and transmission data for each batch? Real numbers, not just “pass/fail”.Do they tell you where their raw materials come from? For us, we use Heraeus preforms from Germany for quartz – they’re more expensive, but they give consistent refractive index batch after batch. Cheap stuff drifts, and drift kills repeatability.And are they willing to build prototypes and run destructive tests with you? Bend‑cycle, pull‑strength, thermal cycling – if you set the spec, they should run it alongside you, not hand you a generic test report. We once had a client who showed up with their own three‑page test protocol and said: “Run these, and if you pass, we’ll order.” I loved that. It meant they knew exactly what they needed and they weren’t going to let anyone cut corners. Let me tell you a real story from our bench – not a polished case study, but the messy truth. That frustrated engineer I mentioned earlier? He ended up working with us. His handheld probe needed a fiber bundle that could survive a 15 mm bend radius inside the handle. Standard quartz started losing light badly at 20 mm – we measured it, and it was ugly. First try: we used a regular 0.22‑NA core. Bend loss came in at over 30%. He rejected it immediately, and I don’t blame him.Second try: we switched to a 0.39‑NA larger core. Loss dropped, but now the end‑face was getting too hot at the laser coupling point – temperature went out of spec. He went silent for a week. I honestly thought we’d lost him to a competitor.Third try: we changed the core material, added an anti‑reflective coating on the end‑face, and re‑balanced the branch lengths to spread the thermal load. Finally, bend loss came down under 8% and temperature stayed within limits. Two months of back‑and‑forth, three prototypes, and a few sleepless nights. When he finally tested the samples and sent me a voice message saying “That’s it – we’re good to go for clinical trials” – I felt like we’d earned every bit of that. Did we make money on that job? On pure time, no. But we earned the trust that next time he has a tight‑bend problem, he won’t bother calling anyone else. So that’s our niche, if you want to call it that. We’re not the biggest, and we don’t chase telecom mega‑orders. We’ve been at this since 2005 – twenty years of doing one thing: specialty optical fiber for non‑telecom applications. Medical, industrial, research. We keep our core diameters in that 0.25–2.0 mm range with NAs of 0.37 and 0.50 – not because we can’t do others, but because we’ve refined these to the point where we know exactly how they behave in real‑world conditions. We do everything in‑house – polishing, overmoulding, branching, you name it. No subcontractors to blame if something goes wrong. And we use Heraeus preforms for quartz and imported high‑transmission plastics – not as a marketing bullet, but because we’ve seen too many projects fail from material inconsistency. We take the jobs that standard suppliers say “no” to. The ones that need engineering from scratch, not a part number swap. If you’re stuck on a fiber selection or a tricky assembly, give us a call. Don’t worry about budget first – just walk us through your optical path and your mechanical constraints. Even if we don’t end up working together, I’ll make sure you leave with a few traps to avoid. That’s just how we do things. Nanjing Hecho Technology Co., Ltd.Specialty Optical Fiber Transmission Solutions – Medical · Industrial · Research 📞 +86-25-52374096📧 sales@gohecho.cn🌐 www.gohecho.cn

How a glass connector is reshaping the economics of optical interconnects In June 2026, Corning unveiled something that caught the attention of the optical communications industry. At the AI Data Center Optical Communications & Interconnect Technology Conference in Seoul, the company introduced GlassBridge — a next-generation glass-based optical interconnect component. It’s not a new optical transceiver. It’s not a new fiber. It’s a glass optical connector designed to solve one of the industry’s most persistent engineering challenges: getting light from an optical fiber precisely into a photonic chip. The Problem The core diameter of a standard optical fiber is about 125 microns — roughly the thickness of a human hair. The optical waveguides inside a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), by contrast, are only a few hundred nanometers wide. The size mismatch is on the order of dozens of times. Getting light from the fiber into the chip is like trying to drive a highway-width vehicle into a single-car garage — miss by a micron and nothing works. The conventional solution — fiber array units (FAU) with active alignment — is precise, expensive, and inefficient. As channel counts rise, assembly complexity increases exponentially. Corning’s Solution: Writing Optical Paths into Glass Corning’s approach is surprisingly direct: write the optical paths directly into the glass. Using a wafer-scale ion-exchange waveguide process, the company creates embedded optical waveguides inside a precision glass substrate. Plug in the fiber, and the optical signal automatically travels along the pre-designed glass pathways into the PIC. No more precision alignment of every single channel — the glass does the alignment for you. Key Specifications: Supports over 24 optical channels per connector Coupling loss as low as 1.5dB (O-band) Passive alignment — no active optical feedback required during assembly Detachable and rematable with standard TMT ferrule interface Wafer-scale manufacturable design supporting high-volume production Why the Market is Paying Attention GlassBridge sits at the intersection of three major trends: Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) — where optics are integrated directly with switching ASICs, creating extreme density requirements. GlassBridge provides the physical interface that makes fiber-to-PIC connection manufacturable at scale. Glass Substrate Packaging — glass is replacing traditional organic substrates in high-end AI chip packaging. In January 2026, Intel announced the world’s first commercial CPU using a glass core substrate. AI Data Centers — after the 800G and 1.6T transceiver race, the competitive battleground is shifting from “module speed” to “connectivity architecture.” Corning’s ambition extends beyond a single connector. The company also introduced the GlassWorks AI Platform, covering optical fiber, cable, connectors, waveguides, and CPO packaging — a full-stack solution for AI data center optical interconnects. The market has taken notice. According to LSEG data, Corning’s stock has risen approximately 275% over the past year — the market is re-pricing this century-old glass company as a core AI infrastructure player. From “Kilometers” to “Channels” — A Structural Shift Beyond the product itself, GlassBridge signals something deeper: the value chain in optical communications is undergoing a structural shift. For decades, the optical fiber industry competed on capacity, cost, and scale — fiber sold by the kilometer. GlassBridge represents the next generation of optical interconnect components, where value is measured in a different unit: channels. With over 24 optical channels per connector, each channel is an independent optical signal path. The competition is no longer about production capacity — or even just process technology. It’s about integration design capability: how to route more channels in a constrained space, how to “write” precise optical paths inside a material, how to make connections detachable and manufacturable. Value is migrating from “the fiber itself” to “fiber + precision connection + intelligent packaging” as an integrated solution. Those who can deliver more value along this chain will capture higher margins. And the core material driving this migration? Still glass — high-purity, low-loss, micro-machinable glass. Why Glass Matters Corning’s choice of glass as the interconnect substrate is no accident. Glass offers superior optical transparency, thermal stability, and dimensional precision — enabling optical path control at the micron and nanometer scale. These are exactly the material properties required for routing optical signals from fiber into chip. For the optical transmission industry, this is nothing new. At the heart of specialty optical fiber is the same thing: the optical performance of glass materials. Optical signals traveling through fiber are essentially propagating through a glass medium. The material’s optical transmittance, refractive index uniformity, temperature resistance, and long-term stability directly determine a fiber product’s transmission efficiency and reliability. Corning writes optical paths into glass. What we do is transmit optical signals stably through glass fiber. The material is the same. So is the commitment to optical quality. What This Means for the Optical Transmission Industry Corning’s GlassBridge launch signals a clear trend: the explosive growth of AI computing is pulling optical interconnect demand from “between data centers” into “inside chip packages.” Three implications for the industry: 1. Demand for precision optical connections is rising. CPO and glass substrate packaging require far higher levels of fiber component precision, end-face quality, and customization than traditional communication fiber. This is no longer about “selling fiber” — it’s about delivering “fiber + connector + end-face processing” as an integrated package. 2. Quality standards are moving up. Fiber components used in AI chip packaging face cleanliness, reliability, and consistency requirements approaching semiconductor-grade levels. 3. Customization opportunities are expanding. Corning’s solution focuses on the chip packaging side of optical interconnect. But on the transmission side — from fiber to connector — there is equally significant demand for precision optical manufacturing capabilities. This is where specialty fiber companies have an opportunity. Hecho Technology has been deeply involved in specialty fiber for years, with products covering silica fiber, glass fiber, and plastic fiber across medical laser, industrial machine vision, semiconductor inspection, and research optics applications. From material selection to precision processing, from end-face treatment to volume delivery — in the optical transmission and connectivity chain, this is what we do. Final Thoughts The buzz around GlassBridge looks, on the surface, like capital markets chasing the next hot product. But the real signal worth watching is this: optical interconnects are moving from “between racks” to “between chips” — a long-cycle shift measured in years, if not decades. For the optical transmission industry, this means more custom fiber components, tighter quality requirements, and a larger addressable market. Corning wrote optical paths into glass. We’re making optical transmission more solid, more reliable, more capable. Nanjing Hecho Technology Co., Ltd.Specialty Optical Fiber Transmission Solutions — Medical · Industrial · Research 📞 +86-25-52374096📧 sales@gohecho.cn🌐 www.gohecho.cn

So you need an OEM fiber optic cable. Now what? I get this question a lot. Someone from a medical device company or a laser integrator calls me and says: “We need an OEM fiber optic cable. Can you do it?” Of course I say yes. But honestly, that‘s the easy part. The hard part is figuring out what they actually mean by “OEM.” Some people think it just means buying a hundred pieces instead of one. Some think it means putting their logo on our cable. And some think it means we disappear after we ship and never bother them again. None of those are right. What “OEM” really means in fiber optics Here’s the definition I‘ve settled on after nearly twenty years: An OEM fiber optic cable is not a catalog product. It is a component that has to work exactly the same way on unit 1 and unit 1000. It has to fit inside your mechanical design, not the other way around. And the person making it has to actually understand what you’re building. I remember a customer who designed a beautiful laser welding system. Everything worked perfectly with the prototype cable we sent. Then they ordered 500 pieces from a cheaper fiber optic OEM supplier. The cables arrived. They looked the same. But the transmission loss varied so much that their welding power drifted all over the place. They spent two months recalibrating their system before they realized the cable was the problem. That‘s the difference between a real custom fiber optic assembly and someone who just sells you a cable with your sticker on it. The one question I always ask first When a customer comes to me for a customized fiber optic cable, I don’t ask about price first. I don‘t even ask about quantity. I ask: “What went wrong with your last supplier?” Sometimes they tell me. Sometimes they dance around it. But the answer always tells me what actually matters to them. One customer said: “The cables worked fine, but the documentation was a nightmare. We couldn’t trace anything back.” So for them, a real fiber optic OEM supplier had to provide batch test reports and serial numbers. Another customer said: “They kept promising 1–2 week lead times, but it always took five.” So for them, reliability in delivery was everything. And a third said: “The fiber was fine at room temperature, but in our machine it got hot and the transmission dropped.” That‘s a pure materials problem — they needed a specialty optical fiber manufacturer who understood high-temperature coatings. No two answers are the same. Which is exactly why off-the-shelf cables don’t work for most people. What we actually do at Hecho I don‘t want this to sound like a sales pitch. So let me just tell you what we have built over the last twenty years. We make OEM fiber optic cable assemblies for people who cannot afford to guess. We use Heraeus quartz preforms. We use Schott glass fibers when that’s the right material. We don‘t trade raw materials — we buy them directly and process everything in-house. That way, when something goes wrong, we can figure out why. And when nothing goes wrong, we can prove it with test data. We do custom fiber optic assembly for medical lasers, flame detectors, spectroscopy systems, and industrial sensors. Most of our customers are not looking for the cheapest option. They’re looking for the option that won‘t fail in the field. If that sounds expensive — it’s not as bad as you think. But even if it were, I‘ve seen too many customers waste months debugging cable problems to believe that cheap is ever really cheap. We offer: Core diameters from small to large Numerical apertures from 0.10 to 0.50 Connector types: SMA905, FC, ST, or custom Jacket materials for high temperature, chemical resistance, or medical use Single branch, bifurcated, or multi-branch configurations Lead times usually 1–3 weeks for prototypes And yes, we put your logo on it if that’s what you want. But the real value is not the logo. It‘s knowing that the cable you get with your first prototype will behave the same as the cable you get with your thousandth production unit. How to tell if a supplier is actually an OEM partner Here’s a quick test I‘ve learned to use. Ask them: “What’s your standard test protocol for a custom fiber optic cable?” If they hesitate or say “we visually inspect every cable” — run. If they pull out a binder and show you insertion loss limits, return loss targets, OTDR traces, and a batch record system — that‘s a real fiber optic OEM supplier. I’m not saying every project needs military-grade documentation. But the supplier should at least be capable of providing it. Because if they can‘t measure their own quality, you certainly can’t. Another test: ask them to modify an existing design. Not a huge change — just a different jacket material or a non-standard length. See how long it takes them to give you a real answer. A catalog reseller will say “let me check with our factory” and come back in two weeks. A true OEM fiber optic assembly partner will say “we can do that, and here‘s how it changes the price and lead time” by the next day. I’ve been on both sides. I know which one I‘d want to work with. A few things I wish every customer knew First: price is not the same as cost. A cheap custom fiber optic cable that fails in production costs more than an expensive one that never fails. I have seen customers replace entire batches, re-engineer their housings, and delay product launches — all because they saved $5 per cable. That $5 savings cost them thousands. Second: communication is not optional. If your fiber optic OEM supplier only replies to emails once a week, find another one. I have watched projects stall for months because someone was waiting for a drawing approval or a material cert. We keep our engineering support responsive because I hate waiting myself. Third: not every fiber is the same. Plastic fiber is fine for decorative lighting. Glass fiber works for most sensing applications. But if you need high power, high temperature, or deep UV transmission, you want quartz fiber. A good specialty optical fiber manufacturer will tell you which material fits your application — even if it‘s not the most expensive one they sell. Fourth: prototypes are cheap. Production is not. I always tell customers: let’s build five pieces first. Test them in your actual system. Break them if you can. Once you‘re happy, then we talk about quantities. That approach has saved more people from bad decisions than any sales pitch ever could. What we don’t do I should be honest about this too. We don‘t make telecom fiber. We don’t do massive volumes of dirt-cheap patch cords. We don‘t pretend to be the right fit for everyone. We focus on industrial and medical applications — the ones where a cable failure means a machine goes down, a patient gets rescheduled, or a research experiment gets ruined. We also don’t do much plastic fiber. It‘s just not our strength. If you need plastic, there are plenty of good suppliers out there. But if you need quartz or glass — that’s where we actually know what we‘re doing. I think it’s better to say “no” to the wrong work than to say “yes” and do a bad job. So far, that approach has worked out. The short version If you‘re looking for an OEM fiber optic cable supplier, here’s what I‘d suggest: Know your application before you call anyone. Ask about test protocols and traceability. Check how fast they answer technical questions. Build prototypes before committing to volume. Ignore anyone who claims they can do everything perfectly — they’re lying. And if you want to talk about a project — medical, industrial, sensing, laser delivery — send me a message. I‘ll tell you if we’re a good fit. And if we‘re not, I’ll try to point you to someone who is. That‘s what I’d want if I were in your shoes. Hecho Technology – Fiber Optics, Done Right. OEM and custom fiber optic assemblies for industrial and medical applications. Quartz and glass. Short lead times. Real test data.

Most fiber optics you see are made of regular glass. That’s fine for internet cables. But quartz fiber is different. It’s made from high-purity fused silica. Same thing? No. It performs better in several ways. What makes quartz fiber better? First, it handles heat well – up to 200°C or more, depending on the coating. Regular glass fibers can’t take that. Second, it transmits light more efficiently, especially in UV and near-infrared ranges. That’s why labs use it for spectroscopy. Third, it’s tougher – more resistant to scratches and bending. Where is quartz fiber used? Medical devices – laser surgery, endoscopy. Needs clean, high-power light without overheating. Industrial sensing – high-temperature environments where electronic sensors fail. Lab instruments – spectroscopy, because quartz covers a wide wavelength range. Aerospace & defense – reliability under extreme conditions. Can you get custom quartz fiber assemblies? Almost always. Off-the-shelf rarely fits. You can customize: Length (centimeters to meters) Connector type (SMA905, FC, SC, LC, or custom) Core diameter (100µm to 2mm) Shape (single, bundle, bifurcated, linear, ring) Why Hecho Technology? At Nanjing Hecho Technology Co., Ltd., we make our own quartz fibers. That means we control quality from the start – not just assembly. We also do OEM and custom manufacturing for industrial, medical, and research clients worldwide. 100% tested. Fully traceable. Made to your specs. Need quartz fiber for a high-temp sensor, a medical laser, or a spectroscopy setup? Just reach out.

You’ve probably heard of fiber optics for fast internet. That’s the communication kind – it moves data around. But there’s another type you might not know about. It doesn’t send signals. Instead, it carries light or energy. That’s called non-communication fiber optics – or specialty optical fiber. So where do people actually use it? Industrial automation – think assembly lines where cameras need to see tiny parts clearly. Our light guides and machine vision lights give even, shadow-free illumination. Medical devices – things like endoscopes or laser surgery tools need cold light. A good endoscopic light source or fiber optic sensor matters a lot for patient safety. Scientific research – spectrometers and lab instruments often rely on precise lighting from fiber optics. Here’s a big difference: regular communication fiber can run for kilometers. Non-communication fiber assemblies are usually short – just centimeters to a few meters. And they’re almost always customized. Different lengths, different shapes, different connectors (SMA905, FC, SC, etc.), different core diameters. We also make custom fiber bundles when a job needs multiple fibers in one assembly. Why Hecho Technology? We focus only on non-communication fiber optics – light guides, sensors, and cold light sources. We make our own quartz fibers and use premium raw materials. We’re an OEM fiber optic manufacturer, and a trusted fiber optic manufacturer in China. Our customers are in industrial, medical, and research fields around the world. 100% tested. Fully traceable. Made for your specific application. Need a solution for industrial automation, endoscopic lighting, or a custom fiber assembly? Just reach out.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the use of electric power electrical equipment safety has been constantly concerned. Optical fiber temperature measurement in the power system and oil and gas pipeline application range gradually into people's vision, but for the operation principle we know little, the following to introduce the principle of fluorescent fiber temperature measurement, distributed fiber temperature measurement principle, fiber grating temperature measurement principle. Optical fiber temperature measurement can not only be used in the field of electric power, petroleum and petrochemical, but also in the field of scientific research and experiment. Based on the fluorescence lifetime of the temperature measurement of the optical fiber, generally speaking, the outer electrons of the fluorescent material molecules are in a relatively stable state, when the excited light is illuminated, the electron absorption energy transition will appear. After the excitation light disappears, it is allowed to return to the ground state, but the energy keeps radiating, creating fluorescence. For its specific temperature measurement, the temperature of the material surface is related to the decay of the fluorescence afterglow itself, and the so-called afterglow decay is actually the fluorescence lifetime. There is a direct relationship between the length of the fluorescence lifetime and the temperature. After the temperature of the fluorescent substance is determined, the actual afterglow retention time is the lifetime, which itself is monotonous with the current signal. Therefore, through the characteristic curve, the corresponding material can be selected as the probe, and through the relationship between the detected current value and the time stent, the surface temperature can be clearly defined, and then the temperature of the monitoring point can be determined. In the project implementation, compared with the normal operating temperature detection, the temperature after the failure increases abnormally, so the detection significance is greater.

Endoscope, an examination device that can directly enter the natural human cavity, provides doctors with sufficient diagnostic information to treat the disease. There are many kinds of endoscopy, including gastrointestinal endoscopy, thoracic laparoscopy, tracheoscopy, hysteroscopy, ureteroscopy, etc. Different kinds of endoscopes, applied in different departments. Gastroenterology department, cardiothoracic surgery department, urology department, gynecology department, respiratory department and other departments, all need to use medical endoscopy for diagnosis or treatment. However, the traditional endoscope structure is complex and difficult to thoroughly clean and disinfect. The application of the same endoscope between different patients can easily lead to cross-infection, which can cause serious damage to the health of the infected person and even death. After years of exploration by endoscope enterprises, the disposable endoscope is on the "stage". Its appearance effectively solves the problem of cross-infection, and there is no loss of endoscope for disposable use, which can ensure that each unpackaging endoscope is in the best state, and improve the surgical efficiency to a certain extent. In addition, disposable endoscopy can also enable hospitals to effectively control the cost related to endoscopy, and promote the promotion of endoscopic surgery in primary hospitals. The clinical application of medical endoscopy technology mainly focuses on diagnosis and treatment. Through different mirror bodies, it provides good operating field and space for clinicians in various parts of the human body, which is convenient for clinicians to conduct minimally invasive diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment. Endoscopy technology brings operational space for minimally invasive treatment. Minimally invasive treatment will already become one of the important branches of future medical development. Compared with traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery has the characteristics of less trauma, less bleeding and faster postoperative recovery. With the improvement of scientific and technological level, minimally invasive treatment techniques and related instruments have become more mature and reliable, and some minimally invasive surgery has become the first-line treatment plan in clinical medicine. Usually a traditional endoscope host is about millions of yuan, soft mirror tens of thousands of yuan, plus maintenance costs, disinfection costs, human expenditure, the cost is not cheap, grass-roots institutions basically "can not afford to buy" also "can not afford to use". The serious lack of endoscopic resources at the grassroots level is the vision of disposable endoscope entering the grassroots level to solve the lack of medical resources of the public. As an emerging force, disposable plastic endoscope can realize immediate examination, obtain information about patients' diseases and complications, and improve the level of primary medical services and the ability of patient management. Due to its convenience and low cost advantages, it is suitable for various primary medical institutions and doctors, which is helpful to achieve rapid diagnosis and treatment, screening and referral and diversion.

Holmium laser is a pulsed laser with a wavelength of 2.1 μ m, which has strong safety and wide applicability compared with the commonly used extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy. In the process of lithotripsy, stones rarely run, and the return rate is very low, so the efficiency is greatly improved. It can be directly crushed through cystoscopy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy, without causing tissue damage. And the holmium laser fiber is flexible, so it can effectively treat ureteric and kidney stones in any site. The study shows that the single success rate of endoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is more than 95%, and the treatment of bladder stones can reach 100%. The procedure is non-invasive or minimally invasive, and the patient is basically painless. There is no risk of perforation, bleeding, but also the combined treatment of urinary tract tumor, ureteral polyps, stricture and so on. The specific process is soft ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is to use a fiber optic lens with about 3mm in diameter, inserted into the ureter through the urethra and bladder to the renal pelvis and renal calyx. Holmium laser fiber is used to remove and drain the upper ureteral stones and kidney stones. The use of human natural urinary tract, without making any incision in the body, is a pure urology cavity minimally invasive technique, so it is favored by patients.

Fiber optic gyro, or FOG, is a high precision instrument using optical fiber technology. It works intuitively, like "dancing" light in a fiber. When light travels through the fiber, the propagation path in it also changes if the fiber rotates. By accurately measuring this change, the optical fiber gyro can calculate the rotation speed and direction of the optical fiber. The key of fiber optic gyro lies in its high-precision optical system and electronic signal processing system. The optical system ensures that the light travels stably through the optical fiber, while the electronic system is responsible for receiving and processing the optical signals to obtain accurate angular velocity data. Due to its high sensitivity, rapid response and long-term stability, FFG has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, navigation and other fields, providing an important means of angular velocity measurement for navigation and control systems.

To handle the optical fiber end and linker grinding, need to rely on advanced technology equipment and exquisite technology. First of all, the high-precision grinder is used to grind the optical fiber end slightly to ensure the smooth and smooth end surface. Next, polishing is performed with specially designed polishing tools to eliminate subtle scratches and irregularities. For the linker, a special grinding and polishing process is used to ensure its accurate docking with the optical fiber end. Throughout the process, the precise control system and on-line detection technology ensure that every step is accurate.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology realizes the real-time monitoring of the optical cable or pipeline by using the backward Rayleigh scattering signal in the optical fiber. The technology is based on a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflector (Φ -OTDR) to reconstruct and detect events such as sound or vibration by detecting the backscattering signal generated when coherent pulse light propagating through the optical fiber. In the optical cable monitoring, the DAS system can accurately restore the sound information around the optical cable, such as vehicles, man-made damage, etc., and filter through the intelligent analysis function, interference signals, to ensure the accurate identification of events. For pipeline monitoring, DAS technology can simultaneously measure various parameters, such as acoustics, temperature, pressure, strain and hole noise, and quickly and accurately detect and classify leakage events, third-party interference and other threats, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the pipeline.

The loss is mainly caused by the scattering and escape of light generated by the fiber during bending.When the light is transmitted in a curved fiber, part of the light will escape from the fiber due to the changing propagation speed and direction of the light in the medium, thus causing the loss of the optical signal.In addition, the propagation of light in the optical fiber is through full reflection, and at the bend, the degree of incidence angle of light may exceed the critical angle of full reflection, resulting in scattering phenomenon, which will also cause the loss of optical signal.The size of the macrobending loss is affected by many factors, including the bending radius, the type and material of the fiber, and the outer coating of the fiber. A smaller bending radius will increase the scattering and escape of light, resulting in increased macrobending loss.The special outer coating can reduce the scattering and escape of light, thus reducing the macrobending loss.